A Theory of the Cause of Skin Cancer Essay - 1642 Words

A Theory of the Cause of Skin Cancer This theory of cancer was presented in detail in the book One Answer to Cancer by Dr William Kelley, although certain adaptations have been made. You would be well served to look at the original book available for free on the internet. According to the theory, a person cannot have cancer unless three factors are present. These three factors are: (I) The presence of a certain type of cell that becomes genetically damaged. In the cases of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, this damage may result from excessive sun exposure. (II) The stimulating presence of female hormones. These cause a damaged cell that is cancerous to multiply itself†¦show more content†¦Only when the amount of pancreatin delivered to the mutated cells is insufficient to digest them does the cancer thrive. In the case of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, ultraviolet exposure from the sun, exposure to various toxins, pancreatin unfriendly cosmetics, or an acidic body chemistry may create damage and mutations that eventually overwhelm this healing mechanism or interfere with it. The type of cell that becomes damaged in cancers is a germ or stem cell that occur in relatively small numbers throughout the body. Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods. Unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells - which do not normally replicate themselves - stem cells may replicate many times. When cells replicate themselves many times over it is called proliferation. A starting population of stem cells that proliferates for many months in the laboratory can yield millions of cells. Some type of damage or disease is normally needed to initiate this proliferation mode. The initation of the proliferation mode depends on both where and when the damage occurred in the cell so that a long period of time can lapse between the damage event and the onset of proliferation. This explains why severe sunburns in childhood can lead to skin cancers much later in life. The damagedShow MoreRelatedShould Sunblock Be Applied Every Day?956 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinitely not the case, sunblock should be applied every day, a couple times during the day for added measure to protect the skin from the harmful ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet A (UVA) sun rays. There are many different theories of the right amount of sun protection factor or SPF level for protection against painful sunburns, blisters, sores and possibly skin cancer. Going to the store can be challenging when looking for a sunblock to purchase that will be the right form of defense becauseRead MoreSunscreen Hurting Vs. Helping1470 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent the harsh ultraviolet-rays from the sun burning our skin and thus preventing skin cancer. In contrast, studies have shown that sunscreen has caused many people to contract skin cancer due to harsh chemicals added into the products. Sunscreen also prevents your body from absorbing Vitamin D. Mercola, the world s #1 natural health website discusses how Dr. William Grant, a vitamin D expert scientist, found that about 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by more vitamin D intake. That equatesRead MoreSunscreen And Its Effects On The Body1466 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent the harsh ultraviolet-rays from the sun burning our skin and thus preventing skin cancer. In contrast, studies have shown that sunscreen has caused many people to contract skin cancer due to harsh chemicals added into the products. Sunscreen also prevents your body from absorbing Vitamin D. Mercola, the world s #1 natural health website discusses how Dr. William Grant, a vitamin D expert scientist, found that about 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by more vitamin D intake. That equatesRead MoreRadiation Associated With Skin Cancer1113 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation associated with skin cancer is one of the most common cancers. If the skin is exposed to the sun, some humans would have a higher risk of skin cancer. Sunscreen is a source that protects the skin, which is highly recommended to be used if your skin is sensitive to the sunlight. This theory will show how students who attended Human Biology Lab class approach on how certain level of SPF in sunscreen can protect the skin. There were significant differences found in theRead MoreAntiperspirants and Breast Cancer: Old Myth Sees New Life on Facebook868 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the using antiperspirants cause breast cancer. The claim states that cancer causing chemicals in the products enter the body through tiny nicks in the skin, thereby infecting the lymph nodes surrounding the breast tissue. The latest says to wash the underarm with soap and water before going to bed. According to the Facebook post, deodorants are fine; however, using antiperspirants is what increases the potential for breast cancer. It claims that most breast cancers start in the upper quadrantsRead MoreSunscreen And The World Of Sunscreen1578 Words   |  7 PagesPerceptions on Sunscreen Welcome to the exciting world of sunscreen. Sunscreen is a particular type of product that is particularly designed for protecting the skin from the sun s ultraviolet rays. At the Healing Institute, research is said to have suggested that wearing sunscreen is something everyone should do. It will be the mission of the Healing Institute to ensure that each and every individual walking planet Earth understands why sunscreen is necessary. The approach of the campaign that willRead MoreResearch Proposal : Melanoma Skin Cancer1268 Words   |  6 PagesMelanoma Skin Cancer Caitlin Annis English 2820 Professor Buggey March 10, 2016 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Grant Purpose†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Proposed Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Expected Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Evaluation Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Budget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 Timeline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....9 Cited References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 â€Æ' ABSTRACT Melanoma is known to be the most deadly form of skin cancerRead MoreEssay about Skin Cancer and Expert Knowledge1495 Words   |  6 Pagessocial sciences and his theory of risk society stresses that as we have made the transition from industrial society to contemporary society, we are also in a period of transition toward a ‘risk society’ where we are dependent upon expert knowledge to identify and outline risks that are sometimes beyond the direct powers of human perception (Carter and Jordan, p. 79). Beck uses the events of the Chernobyl disaster to illustrate his theory. Here are a few key points about his theory: †¢ Beck arguesRead More The Impact of Weather and Climate on Health in New Zealand Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthe specific health issues that are linked to weather and climate include melanoma skin cancer, weather-sensitive rheumatism, asthma, Seasonal Affective Disorder, and stress in farmers caused by weather extremes. Several studies have been done in New Zealand investigating the link between particular health problems and the weather. There are limitations to such studies, including the obstacle of trying to isolate cause and effect, but it is clear that weather and health correlations do exist. LyingRead MoreCancer : What Causes It?1077 Words   |  5 PagesCancer is a tragedy that has affected families around the world for thousands of years. This disease has been a mystery, until recent discoveries have begun to unravel its origins, treatments, and causes. Cancer is important to understand because it’s vast impact on the world today. There are ways to lower the chances of getting cancer as well as removing it. Anyone is capable of getting cancer but the three main factors that can cause it is genetic traits, life choices, and environmental surroundings

The Initial Stage of Group Counseling - 702 Words

Summary of Initial Stage of Group Initial stage of a group talks about the early phases of the counseling group and leads the facilitator through the necessary steps and characteristics. The counseling session goes through various characteristics. At the very earliest stage, the participants test the new relationship with the leader and with each other, and the leader, in a way, experiments too with the new relationship with the participators assessing which techniques would be best to employ with them and whether or not there is a match. As with all acquaintances, some work and some do not, and the earliest stages of the group session are a prelude to the future of the success of the group. Exploration is tentative, members learn the rules of this new game and the leader, in turn, learns how to act with participators. As with all groups, members learn to trust each other. They explore their own feelings and that of others and slowly but gradually settle into new relationships. Group cohesion and trust are slowly built,a nd each member carves his or her own specific niche in the group slowly asserting, or not asserting, himself. The earliest stage is one of awkwardness and cautious risk-taking where members gradually open themselves to others; learn to trust or mistrust; to deal with periods of silence, awkwardness, and perplexity about what the group is about. Members are learning to build trust. Members and leader have different functions. The members areShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style Observed On The Group815 Words   |  4 PagesObserved I watched a video clip of a group counseling session in the initial stage of the group process. The leader did an excellent job bringing the group members together and ready for the transitional stage. The leader performed expressive leadership with democratic decision-making. The group leader maintained group cohesion, while being warm, friendly, and promoting the well being of group members. Democratic decision-making encourages and includes all group members to experience teamwork and creativityRead MoreSpecial Populations High School Counseling1681 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: SPECIAL POPULATIONS Special Populations: High School Counseling Kean University CED5963 Adolescence is a period of dramatic and revolutionary change. In western cultures it is the time of life, either most reviled, depicted as posing the greatest threat to the established order of things, or most celebrated and romanticized, in particular within the sphere of popular culture, for its creative and challengingRead MoreAddiction Is A Severe Problem Facing Millions Of People1495 Words   |  6 Pagescontrol their brain’s urges to take more of whatever substance they are addicted to. Their brains are rewired once they take the substance for so long, and few can quit when they want because of the hold the drug has on the brain. While there is the initial choice to take the substance, once someone has developed an addiction there is almost no way to reverse it unless that person receives specific treatment, and many addicts find difficulty in seeking treatment because of the stigma that is attachedRead MoreHelping Girls And The Foster Care System Essay1457 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesSystem Narrative Summary The counseling group that we have chosen for this proposal is a group for teenage girls in foster care that are between the ages of 13 and 17 years old. This group will provide the girls various coping skills and techniques they can use to make the transition from home to foster care as smooth as possible. The group will allow the girls to make connections with each other so that they can build a support network. Type of Group The type of group we will be working with is aRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1697 Words   |  7 Pagescapable of providing this group with effective psychotherapeutic treatment and interventions as well as approaches that enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of group therapy. Often developed for skills training, cognitive-behavioral groups are characterized by the use of practical interventions focused on behavior modification techniques (Wilson, Bouffard, and Mackenzie; 2005). The therapeutic goal of cognitive behavioral therapy in a group setting is to educate group members on how to defineRead MoreNarrative Analysis : Narrative Therapy757 Words   |  4 Pages people seek counseling when their stories do not match their lived experiences, and people who have less social power benefit greatly from Narrative Counseling. The concern is with meaning making and there is an emphasis on mindfulness and positive psychology. The process of Narrative therapy starts in the initial stage exploring the client’s issues. It then transitions into the insight stage to a deeper understanding of the issues. The insight stage is followed by the action stage, where the clientRead MoreTheory Of Group Counseling Paper1438 Words   |  6 Pages Theory of Group Counseling Paper Alex Dossett CHRD 766; Group Counseling South Dakota State University Describe how your experience of the leading, participating in, or observing groups have informed or influenced you regarding your own group leadership skills, leadership style, and perception about groups; Describe your perspectives about the functions of a therapeutic group in assisting client changes; Discuss the elements or factors contributing to the development of the group, and changesRead MoreGroup Discussion On Group Counseling855 Words   |  4 Pages Group Facilitator Reflection So far, I have cooperated with one of my cohort to facilitate the small group discussion in the course, Group Counseling. The two group discussions we led were aimed at encouraging the members to share their feelings and disclose some of their personal experiences. However, the approaches we adopted for these two sessions were different. The topic of the first session was what inspired you to going into the counseling field. We thought it might be a good topicRead MoreCounseling Specializations Multidisciplinary Teams1104 Words   |  5 Pagesforward with Multidisciplinary Teams (McAllister, Morrissey, McAuliffe, Davidson, McConnell, Reddy, 2011). The field of Mental Health has been an evolving process ever since its infancy. In the early stages of Mental Health, individuals who were deemed appropriate for mental health counseling were being labeled as ill and in need of serious and immediate treatment. While on the other hand, individuals who were not deemed appropriate for Mental Health were being considered leading a healthy andRead MoreWho Am I And How I Different From Client?1557 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable to me to provide a safe, healthy atmosphere for optimal development. This does not mean I was handed everything to me in life but that I had very little barriers to pursue opportunities. My client is the opposite. From every developmental stage to systems and subsystems in her life she was met with adversity, trauma. She was deprived basic needs of life in addition to educational and economic barriers. About 6 months ago, my client experienced support and love from teachers and community

American Industrialization Free Essays

American Industrialization Nathan Bates AIU Online Abstract This paper explores industrialization and how the process impacted events in American history. The American Industrial Revolution was immensely consequential and influenced events which have produced the modern society of today. Secondly, this essay will provide descriptions of both, positive and negative, effects that industrialization has had on the lives of Americans and the nation as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on American Industrialization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly, an analysis of how the Industrial Revolution in American history served as a benefit or a detriment to the nation and the citizens of America. American Industrialization Historically, industrialization of any society marks an experience and phase of historic significance. In addition to practices such as farm production, societies are awarded the process of manufacturing, producing an astounding and substantial impact in every aspect of life (Beck, 1999). As a result of the American Industrial Revolution, modern society benefited from advances in technology, employment increases, and an overall improvement in the quality of daily life. American Industrial Revolution: Positive Effects Developments of industrialization positively affected Americans during the Industrial Revolution. Two advances during this period that had an impact on society and escalated American advancement were transportation and the creation of jobs. Transportation vastly improved the lives of citizens with the completion of roads, canal systems, steamboats, the Transcontinental Railroad and public mass transit (Lipovac, 2011). Innovations in textiles, steam power and iron works produced numerous jobs which brought many individuals looking for work into the cities (Bond, 2003). As people moved from rural to urban areas, cities progressed and expanded which led to vast amounts of innovations, greatly improving the quality of life for citizens as well as improved commerce and economy for the nation as a whole. American Industrial Revolution: Negative Effects The speed at which progression and innovation were occurring led to many negatives as the nation scrambled to adapt. Damage to the environment as well as exploitation of workers are situations that arose during the Industrial Revolution. Factories and industry failed to adequately account for ecological considerations which have led to climate change being a modern day challenge (Han, 2012). Additionally, as employment exploded, the amount of hours worked, pay rates for employees, child labor practices, and workplace safety had little or no regulations (Hopkins, 1982). As time progressed many of the work place issues were addressed as well was the formation of organized labor which gave workers a voice. Despite the vast advantages the American Industrial Revolution provided society, the speed in which changes were taking place provided many opportunities to make mistakes and learn as a nation. Beneficial or Detrimental to America Overall, the events and innovations that created the American Industrial Revolution were immensely beneficial to the America we know today. Although there were many opportunities to learn from the changes the country encountered, the positive impact industrialization had on society was magnificent. Improvements in transportation caused the world as a whole to become a much smaller place as travel and communication greatly improved. Work place conditions and practices eventually became regulated, fair, and safer for the American workforce. Modern American society owes a great debt to industrialization as it was one of the most transformational series of events in the nation’s history. Conclusion Not unlike the prehistoric discovery of fire and the wheel, American industrialization left future generations with a foundation and the tools for unprecedented innovation. The more recent revolution in technology, namely the internet and cell phone devices, owe a debt to the revolutionary period of American industrialization. The United States as well as society worldwide has continued to grow, expand, and continuously innovate in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. References Beck, R. (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: McDougal Littell. Retrieved from http://www. owasso. k12. ok. us/webpages/gyankey/regadvhandouts. cfm? ubpage=174609 Bond, Gingerich, Archer-Antonsen, Purcell, amp; Macklem (2003-02-17). â€Å"The Industrial Revolution – Innovations†. Industrialrevolution. sea. ca. Retrieved 2011-01-30. Han, S. (2012). From the Industrial Revolution to a green revolution. OECD Observer, 94-95. Hopkins, E. (1982). Working Hours and Conditions During the Industrial Revolution: A Re-Appraisal. Economic History Review, 35(1), 52-66. Lipovac, N. , amp; Jandricek, A. (2011). THE LAND SURVEY AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IMPACT UPON MAKING OF AMERICAN CITIES. Prostor, 19(2), 443-455.    How to cite American Industrialization, Papers

Langkawi free essay sample

Back to top {draw:rect} It is less hassle if you travel by flight, airport transfer service is available for all the hotels/resorts above, If they let you wait too long, you can get a taxi (keep your bill) and claim back from your round city tour guide. If you like shopping, then take a flight is more convenient than those who go by bus and ferry. The most economic way to get there is by public transportation bus or coach. You can stop at Kuala Perlis, about 100 meters from the Jetty. You might encounter with some local travel agents there, that offer budget accommodation, our advice and experience taught us that you have to bet on the quality of service. (Few with good service nice room, but most of them provide us with an unpleasant trip). Buy your ferry ticket at the jetty, always keep your ticket in your pocket, especially when you are carrying your shopping trophies through the custom, they will ask for your ferry/bus tickets or accommodation voucher/receipt, anything that can prove you have already stayed in Langkawi for 48 hours to waive the custom duty. We will write a custom essay sample on Langkawi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By Air Malaysian Airlines (MAS) and Air Asia operate daily flights between Kuala Lumpur and Langkawi. Flights are frequent and take a minimum of fifty minutes. The Langkawi International Airport is, located at Padang Mat Sirat, about twenty kilometers from Kuah town. *Flight Schedule (Kuala Lumpur Langkawi*) * Flight Schedule (Langkawi* Kuala Lumpur) Back to top By Road The journey by road from Kuala Lumpur takes approximately six hours to Kuala Kedah and approximately seven hours to Kuala Perlis. Tourist car parks allow you to leave your cars safely behind for a minimum charge of RM15. 00 a day, while you board the Ferry Service to Langkawi, whether it is for a day trip or a couple of days. Back to top By Ferry Back to top {draw:rect} You are allow to buy 1 slot of cigarettes, 1 liter of liquor and any duty free item not more than RM500 per person. For Malaysian, you must stay at least 48hours to entitle for buying any duty free items. Ticket or voucher is required to prove that you are qualified. {draw:rect} No matter where, Im sure you can easily find a car rental there, compare the price, as more as possible, get their name card and contact them when you need the car, they will drive the car to where you accommodate (but you have to send him back). Normally the range of price is: RM40 RM70 (depends on car type and peak/low season), if you ask hotel to arrange for you then you might have to pay more (this is why we encourage you to contact the car rental service provider directly). Check the car, especially the brake before you use it. Different petrol station has the different petrol price. You can also get a motorcycle but youll definitely catch the sun, dont forget to bring along sun block to avoid sunburn, and be very careful when riding on a bike. Back to top {draw:rect} We have compared prices (chocolates and wines) everywhere in Langkawi. Jettys shopping center is one of the cheapest shopping paradise. Another advice for those who love toys, think before you buy a big toy, especially when you are to get on a ferry or bus on the way home. Back to top {draw:rect} Underwater World (included in round-city tour) by_ Cupid, CUTI reporter_ Fares are for reference only Ferry Schedule by Express Bahagia

Fort Pillow Attack Essays - Riverine Warfare,

Fort Pillow Attack THE GRAND FABRICATION It is almost as difficult to find consistent information about the incident at Fort Pillow as it is to determine the moral significance of its outcome. Scholars disagree about exactly what transpired on April 12, 1864 at Fort Pillow, when General Nathan Bedford Forrest captured the fort with his 1,500 troops and claimed numerous Union lives in the process (Wyeth 250). It became an issue of propaganda for the Union, and as a result the facts were grossly distorted. After close examination it is clear that the ?Fort Pillow Massacre_ (as it became known by abolitionists) was nothing of the sort. The 1,500 troops under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest acted as men and as soldiers in their capture of Fort Pillow. It is first necessary to understand what happened in the battle before any judgment can be made. A careful study performed by Dr. John Wyeth revealed the following information: from April 9-11, 1864, troops under the command of Ben McCulloch, Tyree Harris Bell, and Brig. General James Chalmers marched non-stop to Fort Pillow to begin their assault under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Confederate sharpshooters claimed the lives of several key Union officers during the morning assault on the fort. The losses included the commanding officer Major Loinel F. Booth, and his second in command shortly after that. These losses created a complete breakdown of order and leadership among the Union troops within the fort. (251) During the morning engagement, the gun boat the New Era was continually attempting to shell the Confederate forces from the Mississippi, but with minimal success. The Union forces fought back heartily until around one o?clock in the afternoon, when both sides slowed down. Around that time the New Era steamed out of range to cool its weapons. It had fired a total of 282 rounds, and its supplies were almost totally exhausted. During this hiatus in the firing, while Confederate troops waited for supplies that would arrive around three o?clock, Forrestwas injured when his horse fell on him after being mortaily wounded (252). When the supplies arrived, Confederate troops under a flag of truce delivered a message from Forrest that said, ?My men have received a fresh supply of ammunition, and from their present position can easily assault and capture the fort,_ (253). Forrest demanded ?the unconditional surrender of the garrison,_ promising that you shall be treated as prisoners of war_ ( 253). This agreement was refused by Major William F. Bradford using the name of Major Booth, and Forrest was left with no option but to attack (Long & Long 484). Without a word, Forrest rode to his post, and a bugle call began the charge. The soldiers stormed the fort under the cover of sharpshooter fire. The Union spent their rounds on the charging mass, and the second wave was to all intents and purposes a ?turkey shoot._ As hordes of soldiers came over the wall, a considerable number of Union lives were lost to point blank fire, an action that was deemed murder by the northern press. (255) However, it must not be forgotten that those Union troops who died were in the process of reloading their rifles. Even knowing that they were severely outnumbered, they had demanded the fight (Henry 255). By this point most of the Union officers in the fort had been killed, and the remaining troops fled the fort toward the river where they had provisions waiting . There was also a plan for the New Era to shell the Confederate troops in the fort with canister, but the shelling never happened(. Confederate troops were waiting at the bottom of the fort to prevent access to the supplies by the Union forces. With the Union flag still flying upon the fort and Union forces still firing on the run, Confederate troops claimed many more lives on the river bank. It was reported by Colonel FIRST NAME Barteau that they made a wild, crazy, scattering fight. They acted like a crowd of drunken men. They would at one moment yield and throw down their guns, and then would rush again to arms, seize their guns and renew

Congugation of Jeter in French

Congugation of Jeter in French   Jeter  is one of two verbs that means to throw in French, and conjugation of this common verb can be tricky for students to learn. But this stem-changing verb, like lancer (which means the same thing), is a very useful one to know. Youll use this verb to talk about sports and to describe everyday activities. Present, Future, Imperfect The first step in any French verb conjugation is to identify the stem and in this case, it is  jet -. Thats very important here because  jeter  is a  stem-changing verb. In the conjugations, you will notice that some forms use a double T while others retain the single letter from the infinitive form. Subject Present Future Imperfect je jette jetterai jetais tu jettes jetteras jetais il jette jettera jetait nous jetons jetterons jetions vous jetez jetterez jetiez ils jettent jetteront jetaient A series of infinitive endings are added to the stem to match  the subject pronoun  with the proper tense. For instance: je  jette   I throw  nous  jetterons.  Ã‚  We will throw   Present and Past Participles The  present participle  of  jeter  is formed with an s: jai jetà ©   I threwnous avons jetà ©.   We threw Subjunctive, Conditional, and Other Conjugations As you become more proficient in French, you may also need to know some of these tenses.  The subjunctive verb mood implies that theres a question to the verbs action. The conditional does not guarantee it either because the action is dependent on conditions. Youll probably only find the passà © composà © and the imperfect subjunctive when reading French. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je jette jetterais jetai jetasse tu jettes jetterais jetas jetasses il jette jetterait jeta jett nous jetions jetterions jetmes jetassions vous jetiez jetteriez jettes jetassiez ils jettent jetteraient jetrent jetassent In the imperative verb form, skip the subject pronoun because its implied in the verb. For these short exclamations, use jette instead of tu jette. Imperative (tu) jette (nous) jetons (vous) jetez ​​

Olympia, Edouard Manet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Olympia, Edouard Manet - Essay Example While the initial attempt with â€Å"Starry Night† received harsh critique on the bizarre aspect of his painting, van Gogh managed to justify â€Å"Starry Night Over the Rhone† with logical elements of texture and color fashioned to project the expressionist’s rich astronomical influence and perspective with the nocturnal theme of the work. Van Gogh is primarily drawn to the attractive contrasts emerging between the natural light of the stars and the gaseous luminescence radiating via man-made lamps. In particular, he is profoundly caught with the beautiful pattern the ‘Big Dipper’ makes with the rest of the constellation. Based on this, one may observe an apparent connection between darkness and the mental struggle, which van Gogh tends to exhibit with intensity, yet the well-balanced sparks of the European river in equilibrium with the sky creates symbolism for appreciation of the wonderful state of gloom. Besides fascination at the concept of blen ding lights from different dimensions as viewed from Arles with ample reference to the ‘Big Dipper’ or the ‘Great Bear’, by other name, van Gogh may be recognized to possess extended interest on astronomical geometry which is largely depicted by the manner the stars are spatially distributed so as to cast the night to its lovely degree or at least to the standard of van Gogh’s intellectual design. How mundane tasks and hard-work of training dance are carried out prior to the scene in which the moment of dance becomes an object of pure delight.

Observation of Participational Cinema in Action Essay

Observation of Participational Cinema in Action - Essay Example Dramatic films are generally shot from a third person 'voyeur' perspective, which allows the audience to observe the unfolding events from a distance. In order to accomplish this state of awareness and acceptance from scientific films, researchers spend a great deal of time with their subject population prior to shooting any footage at all. This is meant to encourage the indigenous community to ignore the filmmaker completely and to return to their normal everyday activities. However, this idealized approach - the 'invisibility' of the camera and it's director - raises new ethical, technical, and artistic issues. The foremost argument against this style of filming lies in defining between 'research' film and 'ethnographic' film: the parameter's of the first ideally contain an undisturbed recording of environmental behavior (which can be used to deduce or extrapolate information); the latter classification is designated by it's editing, which is chosen be the filmmaker to create a narrative. Thus, as MacDougall notes, the fallacy of the all observing camera eye is itself misleading, for the camera is ultimately directed by the filmmaker's choice and/or opportunity. The camera essentially decided what small section of reality is recorded. Along similar lines, the goal of a director's self-effacement from the project is a further removal from reality: many of the filmed communities are remote and isolated to pretend that the director's physical presence has absolutely no effect on the subjects (and a feedback effect on the project itself) is ludicrous. Along this principle, subjects reactions t o cameras depends on their level of familiarity with the media itself. Filming Live with the Herds (1972), MacDougall's silent film camera became accepted by the natives on the premise that he was shooting all of the time (and would therefore present an accurate overall account); when he brings out a still camera near the end of his sojourn, his subjects automatically stuck photogenic poses (MacDougall, 1973) A Ghana director named Braun, discovered a similar effect while shooting footage in his childhood village during carnival time: when a girl noticed him shooting from a rooftop, she began to perform. She grew angry when the camera's attention no longer focused on her, leading Braun's narrative to hypothesize about the power relationship between the camera and its subjects (Pink). Cerezo, Martinez and Ranera, three anthropologists recording African workers in Spain, showed some of their footage to their subjects. Because they had access to television, the workers objected to their own images as being ugly and impoverished, which has resulted in the anthropological argument that visual footage cannot be taken without the express consent of the subjects (Pink). Yet MacDougall takes this argument one step further. In requesting permission to film a community while simultaneously denying them any information to the direction of the film of footage that has been shot, the director "withholds the openness" he requires from his subjects. While this may be rooted in the director's fear of influencing the community's behavior, it also denies him the input of the community information which may prove inaccessible any other way (MacDougall, 1973

Paper on Drugs in Media - The Wall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paper on Drugs in Media - The Wall - Essay Example Death, bloodshed, loss of mutual trust and frailty of life plagued human existence to such an extent that common people developed an escapist approach from their human existence. Compared to the adults, sensitive minds of young generation were affected to a greater extent. On one hand they wised to enjoy a healthy and jovial social life but their hopes and aspirations were repeatedly obstructed by utilitarian approach of the modern society. Finally, in search of their dreams and aspirations, which were strictly forbidden by the society, they chose to take refuge amidst nihilistic world of drugs. Apart from several socio-political aspects, increasing rate of drug abuse has been one of the most primary concerns for the late 20th and early 21st century world. Though backdrop of the entire situation was prepared since end of the Second World War, Western social discourse witnessed devastating effect of drug abuse since 1980s onwards. At the same time, technological empowerment provided extra boost to media when it came to highlighting the evil effects of drug over young generation. Films, televisions broadcasting, advertisements, literature, painting – almost all forms of Art provided considerable amount of focus over the habit of drug abuse among young people. Governance of various Western nations also expressed their concern over such self-destructive obsession. They also came up with several types of administrative policies to control the habit of drug abuse among young people but in reality, none of those steps proved to be effective. Main reason behind such failure was that the policies, though were aimed at restraining youths from being addicted to drugs, were focused over solving the problem superficially, whereas root of the problem went deeper into the core of Western social existence. The Wall, a famous British musical film, has pondered over the essential issues that have played the most important part in orienting post modern youth

Hydrotherapy for Post-Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Patient

Hydrotherapy for Post-Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Patient Hydrotherapy, in its broadest term, is the use of any one of the varying forms of water (i.e. liquid, ice or steam) to facilitate either a specific treatment, or to aid with overall health promotion (Mooventhan Nivethitha, 2014). One systematic review (Geytenbeek, 2002) looked at some of the available literature regarding the effectiveness of various hydrotherapy treatments. The review found that the majority of the research available was focused primarily on musculoskeletal conditions and concluded there was little research that was pertinent to the use of hydrotherapy in the specific treatment of neurological pathologies. However, since this systematic review was published there have been numerous pieces of research that do have a primary focus on the benefits of liquid-based hydrotherapy interventions for the treatment of neurological disorders. This literature review will aim to evaluate the current available evidence, with a specific focus being on the effectiveness of those hy drotherapeutic interventions that have the purpose of improving balance, quality of life and gait re-education in post-cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients. The term CVA would be more commonly recognised as a Stroke and it can be medically defined as an interruption of the blood supply to a specific area of the brain (WHO, 2017). The region of cerebral tissue that has been affected by this interruption will largely dictate both the severity of the CVA and the symptoms that are then suffered by the patient. Water-based interventions have been used for hundreds of years for both pain relief and to treat numerous pathologies. It was Vincent Priessnitz however, who is credited as the founder of modern hydrotherapy after opening the first hydropathy clinic in Grà ¤fenberg, Czech Republic in 1826 (Metcalfe, 1898). Since then a greater understanding of the effects of hydrotherapy has been developed, in particular the numerous physiological changes that can occur during submersion in water. For example, submersion up to the sternal notch is now known to cause an increase in cardiac output and stroke volume, which can then further increase along side a rise in the water temperature (Grady, 2013). With this in mind the search strategy for this literature review was to include the terms cerebrovascular accident, CVA and stroke, and then also hydrotherapy, aquatic therapy and water based therapy with a date limitation set to only include research published since 2008. The search was conducted using the databases AMED, CINAHL, Medline and Medline with full text and returned 51 results when searching for linked full text only. There were several duplicate journals in the results and those remaining included various different types of research from across the hierarchy of evidence, ranging from case studies to randomised control trials. Seven journals were selected from the search results as the only publications that specifically focused on hydrotherapy interventions for the treatment of post-CVA patients (see Appendix A) and this literature review will therefore seek to critically evaluate these and summarise any common findings. In order to successfully validate a hypothesis it is important that the research clearly identifies which hydrotherapeutic intervention is being tested and also the control intervention that is being used for comparison. Three of the seven journals that were selected (Noh et al., 2008; Tripp Krakow, 2014; Park et al., 2016) used Halliwick Therapy as their primary intervention and then land-based physiotherapeutic programmes as the control group. The Halliwick concept was initially designed to help teach disabled children how to swim and is a ten-point programme that has a heavy focus on mental adjustment and body control within the water (Gresswell, 2015). This initial concept has then been further developed into Halliwick Aquatic Therapy, which has a holistic approach to neurorehabilitation that uses the support provided by the water to increase confidence in the patient and therefore also increase their participation in the exercise programme. The exercises themselves are designed to improve postural control and reduce muscle stiffness, with the overall aim to facilitate motor re-learning that can then be translated to on-land functional tasks (Weber-Nowakowska et al., 2011). This specificity of Halliwick Therapy, with regards to functional rehabilitation for neurological disorders, makes it ideally suited as a therapeutic intervention in such cases, however, only one of the papers listed above (Tripp Krakow, 2014) applied a specific functional outcome measure to their results. Another hydrotherapy technique that was used in one of the reviewed papers (Cappadocia et al., 2016) is known as the Bad Ragaz Ring Method. This utilises ring shaped floating devices that are typically placed around the patients neck, pelvis and peripheral joints, such as elbows and knees. The therapist is then able to fix their own position and use the peripheral limbs as levers to facilitate the patients trunk muscles and to encourage increased range of movement in the peripheral joints (Dutton, 2012). Unlike Halliwick Therapy this method does not have a focus on the transference of any benefits gained into more functional tasks. Instead it uses proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques to enhance the patients active and passive range of movement and this can then hopefully be transferred into a more functional neuromuscular pattern of movement.

Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band Essay -- English Literatur

Both Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band Share some of the characteristics of murder mysteries. Explain the similarities and differences between the two stories And say which of the two you find more compelling. Arthur Conan Doyle, author of "The Speckled Band," wrote his story in 1892. Roald Dahl, author of "Lamb to the Slaughter," wrote his story in 1954. Straightaway there is a definite difference in the stories; one was written 62 years after the other. This major time gap will obviously affect the way they were written. I will take this into account in this essay. "The Speckled Band" is a typical murder mystery, involving an eccentric doctor and a cunning detective. "Lamb to the Slaughter" is about an impulsive murder of a man by his wife, when he tells her that he is leaving her. "Lamb to the Slaughter" begins with a happy, heart-warming scene of Mary Maloney sat waiting for her husband to return from work. "The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight." It tells the reader how in love she is, and she seems peaceful and contented as she sews. It appears like domestic bliss. It seems extremely unlikely for that home to be the scene of a murder, as it appears to be so tranquil. As the murder is at the beginning of the story, it leaves the reader in suspense - will the detective catch Mary? Or will she get away with it? It is different to traditional detective stories, because they usually do not reveal whom the murderer is until the very end, which also keeps the reader in suspense but using a different technique. "The Speckled Band" is written in first-person narrative and in the past tense. This gives the reader a more realistic impression of the sto... ...ory anyway. The language in "The Speckled Band" is archaic, compared to the modern, colloquial language used by Dahl. Conan Doyle uses words such as 'defray' and 'fain,' words which are definitely not used today and are not recognised in our vocabulary. The descriptions are long and drawn out, compared to the brief and to the point ones Dahl uses. "Lamb to the Slaughter" is not stereotypical of any particular genre, but is different altogether, in a league of it's own. The theme of the plot is also lighter and in places more jovial than Conan Doyle's, and there are a few instances where we can laugh at Dahl's ironic situations. "Lamb to the Slaughter" is a much more appealing story to me, as it is shorter and easy to understand. Much of the language used by Conan Doyle is too archaic for the younger generation to understand and take an interest in.

Pakistan

Pakistan was the rich and a developing country which had valuable natural resources in the past. Pakistan was known for its rich agriculture and human resources helped Pakistan to grow in every field. Through agriculture, Pakistan gained its economical power and enjoyed by having plenty of resources. People did not have much education so they kept on working in agriculture. Pakistani people were hard working and saw success in every field. Since the partition of Pakistan and India they kept on having some conflicts between them. In Pakistan Muslims, Christians and Hindus were living peacefully. Pakistan is known for its cultural norms because they strictly followed what the Kuran says and those who failed to follow will not be considered as Muslims. In Pakistan there was not much facilities in education where people immigrated to many other countries to continue their studies and settled there. After that immigration is still continuing in Pakistan. Many people immigrate to other countries due to business. This was the reason for the immigration where big amount of Pakistani Muslims presented in America. They are known as Pakistani Americans, moreover the number of Pakistani Americans is increasing still. Then all the human resources came down because lack of good members in politics. Political issues were the main cause for the problems faced by the Pakistani people. The increasing of corruption made in politics affected the lives of normal people. Normal people were affected where elite people lived a rich life. Pakistan met failure in education, in employment, in democracy and in shortage of human needs. So people trusted the Human Resources management to develop their sad situation. Their needs are an innovation in education, skills training for unemployment people and natural resources to lead life. At the beginning they were living satisfied life after the war, nuclear power, corruption, in politics and lack of help from the government changed their life totally. The demolition of The Twin Tower on September 11 changed the lives of the Pakistani people. All the Muslims were considered as terrorist therefore many Muslim writers all around the countries started to write about the real face of Islam people and their hardships after the September 11 attack. Pakistan EEOC Complaint Trends Executive Summary The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website was very informative in researching current trends in complaints being filed with the EEOC. The EEOC has the responsibility to oversee, investigate, and litigate claims of employment discrimination. I will discuss several EEOC current trends in complaints. First, I will discuss the American Disability Act of 1990. This Act was established to protect disabled people. Then, discuss several disability cases filed by EEOC.For example, Robin Parker-Garcia vs. Gannett Company, Inc. was a popular disability discrimination case filed by EEOC when an bipolar employee was fired because of his disability. Another case filed by the EEOC was the case of McCormick & Schmick. In this case, a complaint was filed by EEOC when this employee was fired because he was deaf. Some disability discrimination laws are similar in other countries to those in the United States. On the hand, there are some countries that d o not have discrimination laws to protect the people. / EEOC Current Complaint Trends Upon review of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website I found that there are many employment related complaints that have been filed with EEOC. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsibility is to oversee, investigate, and litigate claims of employment discrimination. In other words, they enforce federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. In my opinion, people should be given the chance to obtain employment if they can work while being disabled.The current trend in EEOC complaints that I would like to discuss those that are in violation of the American Disability Act of 1990. This Act was established to protect disabled people. It states that all private and public employers with 15 or more employees are protected under this law. The law requires an employer to provide reasonable accommodation to an employee or job applicant with a disability, unless doing so wo uld cause significant difficulty or expense for the employer â€Å"undue hardship† (EEOC. gov). In the case of Robin Parker-Garcia-vs.Gannett Company, Inc. , she was unlawfully discharged because she was bipolar. Gannett Company, Inc. was in direct violation of the ADA. (Sunnucks, 2011) According to Mello, there is some concern as to whether certain medical conditions really are impairments and whether they limit any major life activity. In other words, not all medical conditions are physically related. The ADA protects those that are physically and mentally disabled. (Mello 2011, p. 302) Another interesting complaint filed with EEOC was the McCormick & Schmick case.According to the EEOC's suit, Vernon Davis, who has been deaf since childhood and uses American Sign Language and reads lips to communicate, satisfactorily performed his duties as a prep cook at the McCormick ; Schmick's National Harbor restaurant in Oxon Hill, Md. The EEOC said that at McCormick & Schmick's, Davi s was harassed by a former management official because of his disability, through mockery [†¦] and physical conduct. The EEOC also said that Davis's prep cook duties were removed and that he was transferred to a dishwasher position because of his disability.After Davis and others complained about Davis being subjected to disability discrimination, the restaurant demoted him to a janitorial-type position and cut his hours because of his disability and in retaliation for the complaints, the EEOC charged. Four months later, McCormick and Schmick's unlawfully fired Davis because of his disability and in retaliation for his complaints. (National Law Review) As I read both of the disability cases, I noticed that the EEOC has an important role in filing disability claims on behalf of the employee.In 2012, statistics show that Texas (8,929 charges) and Florida (7,940 charges) had the largest amount of disability discrimination claims filed by EEOC in the United States. As I reviewed th e EEOC site, I noticed that the EEOC is currently dealing with cases pertaining to disability discrimination and sexual harassment cases. Both types of cases are in violation of federal laws that has been put in place to protect those in the workplace. I totally agree with the discrimination laws because they protect people in the UnitedStates society as a whole. Nobody is exempt from filing a claim with the EEOC is they feel that their employment rights have been violated by their employer in the United States or globally. Based on further research on this topic, I discovered that other countries discrimination laws are similar to those in the United States. Many laws around the world prohibit sexual harassment and recognize that both men and women may be harassers or victims of sexual harassment. However, most claims of sexual harassment are made by women.In Australia, The Sex Discrimination Act of 1984 defines sexual harassment as â€Å"†¦unwanted conduct of a sexual nature . † Czech defines sex harassment as â€Å"undesirable behavior of a sexual nature at the workplace if such conduct is unwelcome, unsuitable or insulting [†¦]. † In contrast, France Article 222-33 of the French Criminal Code describes sexual harassment as, â€Å"The fact of harassing anyone using orders, threats or constraint, in order to obtain favors of a sexual nature, by a person abusing the authority that functions confer on him†¦ This means the harasser can only be someone with authority on the harassed (basically, there can't be sexual harassment between coworkers of the same rank. This was an eye opener for me because it is the total opposite in the United States. An U. S. employee can file a complaint against the boss as well as a coworker for sexual harassment in the workplace. (humanresource. com) Another employment law that is faced in other countries is disability discrimination.The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilit ies (CRPD), passed in 2006, is the main international policy document addressing the rights of disabled persons. Framing disability as a human rights issue, the CRPD makes general human rights law applicable to persons with disabilities and clarifies existing international laws concerning disabilities. According to the World Report on Disability (2011) article, A 2005 global survey found that of the 114 countries participating: 48 countries did not adopt rehabilitation policies and 57 countries did not pass rehabilitation legislation.As for accessibility standard, 54 percent had none for outside environments, 43 percent had none for public building, and 44 percent had none for schools and health facilities. About 65 percent had not started educational programs, and 58 percent had not allocated funds to disability programs. Reasons included lack of strategic planning, lack of resources and health infrastructure, and lack of a coordinating agency. Non-compliance is also a problem, eve n among developed countries such as Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India, and the United States.Other countries are lacking disability discrimination laws. There is much work to be done in order for them to come into compliance so that they can help the disabled community. The lack of strategic planning and a lack of resources are main barriers in helping the disabled community in other countries with disability discrimination issues. References EEOC. gov. Retrieved January 30, 2013 from http://www. eeoc. gov/laws/types/disability. cfm Mello, J. A. (2011). Strategic human resources management. (3rd ed. ). Mason, OH: SouthWestern/Cencage.Sunnucks, D. (2011). EEOC charges Gannett company with discrimination. Retrieved January 30, 2013 from http://www. natlawreview. com/article/mccormick-schmick-s-to-pay- 47814-to-settle-eeoc-disability-discrimination-lawsuit What is human resource. com. Sexual harassment, different countries. Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www. whatishumanresourc e. com/sexual-harassment-different-countries World report on disability. (2011) Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www. globalization101. org/world-report-on-disability-3/

Pronouncing Words That End in -lm

Pronouncing Words That End in -lm Pronouncing Words That End in -lm Pronouncing Words That End in -lm By Maeve Maddox Not many one-syllable English words end in the letters -lm. Sometimes the l in them is pronounced; sometimes it isnt. Heres a list of the most common -lm words, together with the pronunciation in the phonetic notation given at Answers.com. Many Americans pronounce all of these words with an l. alms [mz] balm [bm] calm [km] elm [Ä•lm] embalm[Ä•m-bm] film [fÄ ­lm] helm [hÄ•lm] palm [pm] psalm [sm] qualm [kwm] realm [rÄ•lm] whelm [hwÄ•lm] These pronunciations all agree with those given in the OED. Additionally, the OED acknowledges U.S. pronunciations with the sound of l for palm, psalm, and qualm. Merriam-Webster uses the symbol ] to indicate a sound that facilitates the placement of variant pronunciation. For example, ï ¿ ¼]mz. This symbol, which seems to indicate an almost l, is used for the first pronunciation given for alms, balm, calm, embalm, palm, psalm, and qualm. The pronunciation with a full l sound is given as an alternate: also ]lm. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?How Long Should a Paragraph Be?When to use "an"

televison sending the wrong message part two essays

televison sending the wrong message part two essays From what I've experienced from hours in front of this controlling box, I have learned very little compared to real life experiences. But what else could be easier than to relax on a nice soft couch, and push a button? The television business has gotten attention from us all. From the classroom, the home and the workplace, the television industry has us right where they want us. We pay the high prices monthly. Television watching is a necessity in most people's live. Available to all, a cable network for the people. Why do people sit around and watch this? Not all television shows are "bad". Educational shows are found daily on many channels at my house. The issue to many is appropriate television for the children. Once a child has been to a friend's house, he or she has most likely played outside, played with toys, colored a picture, and watched TV. Cable TV, with its wide variety of channel topics, has changed the way children and adults live their lives. Where as before, years ago, television was not available to all like it is today. Americans would read books and newspapers and listen to the radio. Living in a new millenium, people of this country are spoiled with technology. The television is the leading piece that Americans own. There are seven televisions in my home currently. There are five people living in my house. I don't know what to say. An older brother coming home with little sisters watching his show creates no other feelings but perhaps disappointment and disgust. The television is hardly regulated; thus many influences began to pour upon society and fuse into the slow process of change which resulted in the characteristics of our present day society. The television took America from an organized and uniform nation, transforming it into a somewhat disarray of mixed thoughts, different attitudes and new understandings. The statistics on television in the average Americans' lif ...

Sweden and German gender inequalities in employment Essay

Sweden and German gender inequalities in employment - Essay Example The EU notes that, â€Å"across Europe women earn on average 17.8% less than men†, meaning that Sweden is slightly above the median and Germany is almost 4.5% below it. The inclusion of a EU-wide average facilitates comparability. In large measure the gender pay gap directly expresses that women do not receive equal pay for work of equal value. However, it still does not adequately explain the nuances of the gender pay gap and inequality in employment. (EC, 2010) The existence of a 'glass ceiling' barriers and limits to promotions is also a factor. If women are denied access to the highest paying (and most influential) management positions this will manifest itself in an aggregate gender pay gap. Similarly, if a country's pregnancy and parental leave programs are inadequate and family causes women to interrupt their career path this will be reflected in the gender pay gap. Simply put, inequality in employment influences more than only equal pay for work of equal value. This pa per will examine key laws and policies aimed at promoting gender equality in employment in Sweden and Germany. It will identify and account for similarities and differences in the development and implementation of gender equality policies in these two countries. History and type of welfare regime in Sweden and Germany Throughout the 1990s in Sweden the gender pay gap remained relatively static at approximately 17.5%. According to the European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO) â€Å"Comparative study on gender pay equity: The case of Sweden†, â€Å"the trend is that lately, over the last ten years, with some smaller fluctuations, the wage differences between men and women are about the same. There is a decrease of the gap shown in some years, next year there is a small increase.† Throughout this period, â€Å"females earned an average of 83% of male wages.† (EIRO, â€Å"Sweden†, 2002) The statistics for Germany were much more dynamic in this period. However, they are also incomplete and difficult to work with as the period included the reunification of the two Germanies. However, they parallel Sweden with little change and a slightly higher level of the gender pay gap. (EIRO, â€Å"Germany†, 2002) Philosophically there are more profound and apparent differences between the social welfare systems in the two countries. Mandel and Shale have developed a typology for social welfare regimes that is useful in this situation. They characterise European social welfare systems as conservative, liberal or social democratic. The differences between the three are predicated on the three roles the social welfare system can play. According to Mandel and Shalev (2009), â€Å"Scandinavian social democracy is associated with patterns of intervention that exemplify all three roles: the state substitutes for Source: Mandel and Shalev, 2009. functions otherwise performed by markets or families and it does so with a distinct emphasis on ser vice provision (as opposed to income maintenance), which turns it into a massive employer.† It decommodifies and defamilializes social welfare. This is the model that Sweden exemplifies. The second country under consideration, Germany, is characterised as 'conservative' by Mandel and Shalev. â€Å"Germany, France and Spain form a second cluster which is made up of conservative countries that are less

The Effectiveness Of Different Training Methods Commonly Used To Lab Report

The Effectiveness Of Different Training Methods Commonly Used To Increase An Athletes Speed - Lab Report Example Besides discussing the trining methods, I will emphsize the importnce nd subtle elements of thletes speed. Most tem nd individul thletes require good ccelertion. However, if we ignore trck sprinters for the time being, the gret mjority of teengers will only ever sprint over distnces less thn 30 metres during competition. This mens tht mximl speed will rrely be reched, nd tht ccelertion plys the most importnt prt in speed nd must therefore receive specil ttention in speed trining. Two spects significntly contribute to ccelertion: first-step quickness nd correct body position. First-step quickness is the bility to move in certin direction s quickly s possible. Often, significnt speed improvements over ten metres cn be mde by eliminting flse step. This is commonly seen when n thlete, wishing to run to his or her right, either rocks bck on to his or her left leg, or, even worse, tkes step bck with his or her left leg, before then beginning to run to the right. By teching the thlete to run immeditely in the intended direction, with low, fst first step, time-wsting movements re voided. s different open field sports require vrying strt positions, it is essentil tht most thletes cn strt sprinting from either foot. (Blzevich, 2005) Body position for ccelertion is different from the ... While mximl speed running requires runner to be firly upright (which llows the legs full rnge of movement through the hips), the idel position for ccelerting is between 45 nd 60 degrees. If sprint begins from stnding strt (s in, for exmple, bsebll nd softbll), the ngle should pproch 45 degrees. However, if the thlete is moving immeditely before the sprint (such s running to receive pss), there is less need for such low position. (Blzevich, 2005) Open field running is where n thlete begins by jogging, but then ccelertes rpidly to mximum speed. In footbll, this sprint my involve chnge in direction, physicl contct in pushing, being pushed, or breking tckle. Fctors importnt in this form of speed re the bility to correctly position the body for ccelertion, nd the bility to initite fst leg turnover. One drill tht cn trin this is clled the 'in/out' drill, where n thlete increses speed over, for exmple, 15 metres, then sprints mximlly for distnce of 20 metres. He or she then slows down over similr distnce before re-ccelerting nd sprinting for further 20 metres. It is lso possible to incorporte chnges in direction for improving sidewys speed. dults usully rech mximl speed during sprint t round 40 metres; it cn then only be mintined for limited distnce before decelertion sets in. Depending on their ge, children re likely to rech mximl speed t between 25 nd 40 metres. For most gmes plyers, mximl speed will rrely be determining fctor in their performnce, nd sprint trining over distnces longer thn 40 metres will usully be unnecessry. However, given tht some thletes (for exmple, trck sprinters) require speed over 100 nd 200 metres, trining will need to concentrte

TECHNICAL REPORT & LOG BOOK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TECHNICAL REPORT & LOG BOOK - Essay Example To understanding the working of a major part of the industry a small contractor company is selected as a study sample. 2. Alpha Construction Ltd There are mainly two reasons for selecting Alpha Construction, which makes it’s an important representative example of an organization which fits into construction industry. Firstly alpha construction is an ideal example for a SME, Civil Engineering and Building Contractor whose range of contracts value from ?250k to ?5m. Secondly it is a company which is in Hilton Derbyshire which would help us understand the working of contractors in the midlands. The Alpha construction deals in a wide range of works that include building and civil engineering aspects of electricity generation and distribution, food processing, water, quarrying, chemical processing, infrastructure works, manufacturing and coal production projects. The company’s management includes Rob Smith as Managing Director, and Mark Clarke, Melanie Cartlidge, Ken Durham as Commercial Director, Business development Manager and Contracts Director respectively. It is observed that management have very less experience in Environment and related issues and that’s where the issue exists in the small construction enterprises. As we are very well aware that now the environmental aspect of each project is critically scrutinized at every stage of the project (Design, construction and operations) and if the project does not conform to the standards and regulations heavy penalty or even the closure of the project can occur. So now with the changing time we have to make a slight change in the structure of the company. After an analysis I have come to a conclusion that the existence of Environmental Management Unit is the need of the hour. 3. Environmental Management Unit The structure of this unit would be a small, so as to match the size of the company, it would include an expert in Environmental sciences/engineering and must have experience in analysis and management of environmental issues related to diverse construction projects. The experts will work under the Business development Manager and Contracts Director collectively. In the status quo it is very important that there must be no issues raised related to environment in contracts, because it would harm the companies profile making it difficult to get new projects in the current recession. Secondly a certain level of leverage can be acquired from the introduction of Environmental Management Unit, this is because increased awareness of the client for protection and safeguard of environment and can be at times detrimental in the selection of contractors for civil engineering project that Alpha construction normally does. The main purpose and technical areas of expertise of this unit would be introduce the usage of new green materials of construction and then provide sustainable construction processes and pathways. Bringing in new green construction material is important due t o two reasons, firstly an immense amount of construction material is used, it is estimated that about 420 million tones of material is used in construction industry in UK every year (Lazarus, Construction Materials Report 2003). Then secondly it is an area in which very

Effective Study Skills Essay Example for Free

Effective Study Skills Essay Study is the devotion of time and attention to acquiring knowledge on an academic subject and the skills are the ability and capacity acquired through deliberate systematic and sustained effort. For some students the motivation and ability to study comes easily. However for those students for whom it does not it is necessary to develop effective study skills. The aims is to provide the sole foundation of a sound education. These are necessary for the student to realise their full potential and acquire good grades. Without these skills the student would not be aware of their ability to learn in the best way and to maximise this. She states: 1) It is essential to be rested (sleep affects performance) and to sit comfortably. A change of scenery stimulates the brain and helps creative thinking. 2) To be hydrated, drinking water helps the electrical connections of the brain. 3) To be unstressed. When stressed the brain only concentrates on ‘escape’ not on tasks in hand. 4) To enjoy.  5) To learn to see something several times, little and often works better than trying to understand something in one sitting. Cottrell points out that effective study skills are needed to facilitate time management and to meet deadlines. She states spare time must be used effectively to give relaxation time, to rest and enjoy oneself as well as independent study time. According to Cottrell it is essential to learn from one’s own mistakes and feedback which give a way to improve performance and above all else, not to give up. Time management is essential, not giving excessive time to favoured topics rather than those necessary. It is essential to stay on target, stay motivated and not to let things get on top of you, to stay in control and maintain the correct direction of the studies. General tips are to identify the task in hand and work out exactly what is being asked for, setting clear goals and staying focused towards them. To develop the meaning of the task or how things work makes taking in material, reading and retaining the subject matter easier. To find links with the wider world such as the internet and journals helps. Working with others can also help by sharing ideas and getting mutual help. Finally to look for reasonable

How Effective is the Child Protection System in the UK?

How Effective is the Child Protection System in the UK? How Effective is the Child Protection System in the United Kingdom with Specific Reference to Black African Children in Tackling Child Abuse? Introduction Literature highlights some of the challenges for social workers assessing and making decisions about African children and families whose cultures differ from the majority of the white population in United Kingdom. The critical evaluation of knowledge and research in child protection and prevention of child abuse in black African children is important to the forming of social work policy, services and appropriate intervention. This is because there is need to provide appropriate intervention services which are culturally sensitive but at the same time preventing child abuse. It is important that black African children perspectives form part of policies and legislation. Several authors have critically analysed the evidence on service provision for black families in general. A pathologising approach to black families may lead to unnecessary coercive intervention and on the other hand a cultural relativist approach may lead to a non-intervention when services are required (Dominelli 1997 , Chand 2000). The purpose of the review is to explore if the child protection system is effective in preventing child abuse in black African children and their families. By child protection, the review will be referring to all the agencies and services involved in protecting and preventing child abuse. By relating to theory and research, there is hope to uncover gaps, themes and debates and also, raise questions which can be useful for future research. The literature review starts by setting the parameters that is, defining the terms that will be used, such as, child protection and child abuse. The literature review goes to set the historical and theoretical context because it is important to know how long literature and research has existed on the topic and what has been happening including research on culture differences, poverty, power issues and child protection. The review goes on to address the theoretical perspectives on the topic to analyse the theories that form the knowledge base in rese arch. The review goes on to look at the major findings in research and literature by exploring the key themes such as factors that impact African children that can result them in being involved in the child protection system for example, child rearing practices, poverty and limited knowledge in cultural practices by social work professionals. Finally the review will look at the anti-discriminatory practice and user-involvement to show how professionals can work sensitively and provide culture appropriate services. The literature search Child protection system aims to prevent situations that can result in a child or young person aged sixteen and under experience abuse that puts them in danger of not developing appropriately or losing their life (Save the Children UK, 2008). The abuse can fall under the category of child abuse which could be in form of neglect, emotional, physicals and sexual, (Woolfson et al 2009). The search involved these terms. After establishing the specific area to be reviewed; the focus was on black African children and the child protection system. The area of child protection and black African children is a controversial area that has been neglected in literature and research and there is need to analyse themes and identify gaps in literature. The sources selected were journals, books, government records and articles. Electronic search engines were used because they provided a readily available wide range of literature and research articles which have been accepted for publishing. These sourc es were used as evidence and source of information because they had been accepted for publishing hence they would not provide with false information. Review of the literature Historical Context In setting the historical context, the most important development in child protection is the formulation of the Children Act 1989 which was influenced by the public inquiries of the 1970s and 1980s child deaths, for example, the Maria Cowell. The Act stressed that the Local Authoritys duty is to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. However, research into how the Children Act was being put into action found that the child protection system was still focusing on single incidents of child abuse rather than planning to meet the wider requirements of children in need (DoH, 1995a). The studies also noted that many children and families received little or no support, the assessment of risk was low (Stevenson, 1998) and ignored the influences of poverty, unemployment and poor housing. This meant that a new way in thinking was needed about working with families. The result was publication of the Framework for Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al, 2000) and Wo rking Together to Safeguard Children (DoH et al, 1999). A Common Assessment framework was also developed to promote more effective earlier identification of childrens additional needs and improve inter-agency working. A review into previous deaths of children indicates failures to listen to children, sharing of information, follow procedures and recognising indicators of abuse. The main response to the deaths of children due to local authorities failures has been to seek bureaucratic solutions such as introducing new guidelines, laws and procedures (Ferguson, 2005). However, the Laming 2003 enquiry into the tragic death of Victoria Climbie in 2000 is particularly significant because it pointed out the inter-agency approach established after Maria Cowells death in 1973 was not followed and it considered implications for the whole of the child protection system (Batty, 2003). Laming (2003) highlights the misjudgements made on the Climbies case based on cultural assumptions that led to a tragedy. However, Garret (2006) argues that the Laming report (2003) appears to detach a childs race from core assessments and this was echoed in the Every Child Matters which appears to mention very little about the needs of children from other races. After the Victoria Climbie enquiry there has been recent death of children known to social services such as, baby P (2007) and Khyra Ishaq (2008). This begs the question, where is the child protection system going wrong? There are debates on how to provide social work interventions and family support that are culturally sensitive and competent to African children and their families who are at risk of significant harm (Stobart, 2006; Holland 2004, Robinson 2007; Mama 2004). This was highlighted in the Laming Progress Report (2009) which set out challenges faced in safeguarding children such as: â€Å" there is still need to improve knowledge and skills to understand children and their family circumstances. Also the laming report noted that despite the progress in inter-agency working the re are still problems of day to day reality of working across organisational boundaries and culture †, Laming Progress Report (2009). When reviewing literature it is important to note that there is a sparse of research on black African children and the child protection system in the Britain hence it is difficult to set out the historical and theoretical context. Where research and literature exists, the data is still not plausible because it is mixed with other research data from minority ethnic populations and their experience differs widely. Theoretical and research perspectives that shape knowledge Different theories and perspectives inform knowledge base in literatures surrounding African children and the child protection system. When researching this area there is need to look at experiences of African people and their involvement with child protection hence researchers can use the black perspective which is based on the notion of common experiences that black people share. The black perspective criticises repressive research and theories that are likely to oppress black people, (Robinson 2007). African families will always refer to their culture as frame of reference to their parenting capacities (Bernard and Gupta, 2008) and understanding and acknowledgement of the black frame of reference will enable social workers to come up with accurate and comprehensive assessments of African black children involved with the child protection system, (Robinson 2007). Other literature is based on the ecological perspective and highlights the importance to analyse the impacts of social ex clusion, poverty and immigration on black African children and their families, (Gibbs and Huang 2003). However, Robinson 1998 argues that there is a danger of over-generalising and stereotyping because individual members from the same culture can behave differently from the pattern that is typical of that culture. However, other researchers argue that postmodern theories have gained popularity in social work, (Pease and Fook 1999; Leonard 1997). Researchers have argued against postmodern theories who want a better understanding of identity, combining personal with structural elements of living (Dominelli 2002; Graham 2002), drawing on the idea of what holds people together, (Badiou 2001). The lack of appropriate preventative support services which are culture sensitive often result in social work operating against the interests of black children involved in child protection, (Barn 1993, Graham 2002). Social work has operated within a problem oriented framework which is characterised by deficit and dysfunctional theories of black families (Robinson 2008). Major finding in literature and research Research agrees that black African children and their families are disproportionately represented in child protection (Graham, 2006; Barn et al 1997; Bernard and Gupta 2008). When looking at experiences of black African children and their families and how best to offer them appropriate intervention it is important to acknowledge background in terms of religion, culture, language and beliefs (Bernard and Gupta 2008; Gibbs and Huang 2003; Robinson 2007). Research shows that black African families may experience oppression and discrimination within the child protection system (Chand, 2008). A lot of literature appears to draw attention to the parenting in African families and how their culture is neglected in a lot researches and there is little empirical evidence especially about African parenting in Britain (Bernard, 2002; Graham 2006). Parenting by African families is entwined into an already debate of what constitutes child abuse (Francis, 1993; Chand 2000). Barn, 2002 argues that c hild abuse is a socially constructed phenomenon and most of literature surrounding child abuse is based on western societys views and middle-class. This can lead to discrimination and stereotypes towards African families rearing practices and lead to unwanted intervention and social care involvement. There is well documented literature focused on how culture influence parenting of African families involved with child protection system, (Brophy et al 2003, Bernard, 2002; Graham 2006). However, the empirical research is limited but the little data that exists poses the notion that cultural practices appear to play some part in African children being involved in the child protection system, (Mama, 2004). Literature suggests that African families practice harsh punishment for children, however, Barn et al 2006; Thoburn et al 2005; Nobes and Smith 1997, challenge such stereotypes and in their study, they found no significant differences between ethnic groups with regard to physical punis hment. However, these studies cannot be generalised to African families easily because the majority of the participants where white parents. There is gap in research on the parenting by black African families and a recurrent theme in literature is the need to acknowledge cultural and social contexts of parenting and experience of African black families to make sense of child abuse and provide appropriate intervention for children and families involved in the child protection system, (Holland 2004, Robinson 2007, Stobart 2006). A focus on ethnicity or identity, preclude issues of power and oppression operating in the everyday experiences of childrens lives to be appreciated, (Graham, 2007). Research found that most black African families live in poverty and social exclusion and how this impacts on parenting, (Bernard and Gupta 2008; Gibbs and Huang 2003; Robinson 2007; Platt, 2007). A study of more than 7,000 children looked after by 13 Local Authorities found that children who were not of the white origin where more likely to be put into care due to poverty (Sinclair et al, 2007). Sinclair et als study is very important b ecause it is a comprehensive qualitative study which focuses on the needs of children in care systems involving their perspectives and investigates the outcomes for children. The study also suggests how the care system should function and managed which is important to social work professionals and policy makers. However, data produced cannot be easily generalised to the entire population of African children because their experiences varies. There has been research critically examining the treatment of asylum seeking children and the child protection system and there is argument between the Children Act 1989 and immigration legislation and policy and Jones (2001) argues that ‘social work profession singularly failed to provide critical scrutiny on the status and relationship of immigration and child care law and the erosion of childrens rights. Other researchers agree with Jones, that vulnerability of asylum seeking children has emotional and legal aspects, (Woodcock, 2003; Chase, 2009). Kohli 2006, argues that legislation obstruct the provision of preventative services to vulnerable children and their families. Research has highlighted the fragility of African children who claim asylum such as having suffering trauma due to their circumstances that led them to claim asylum such as war and torture, (Hodes, 2000, 2002; Ehntholt and Yule, 2006; Dyregrov and Yule, 2006). Research shows that there is a gap in research on asylum seeking children and social work to inform practice, (Kohli and Mather 2003; Okitikpi andAymer 2003). Rustin 2005, states that there is a complicated interaction between social workers knowledge in asylum seeking children and the existing stereotypes regarding these groups of service-users, (Bernard and Gupta 2008; Robinson 2007; Barn 1993; Owen and Statham 2009). Bernard and Gupta (2008) go on to cite other factors that affect African children such as asylum seeking, AIDS, loss and separation and this is important because when providing intervention to African children there is need to comprehend their background to offer appropriate services which do not discriminate them any further. Young (1990) states that black children often experience multiple-oppression for example, they suffer from stereotypes from society and also they are invisible to the child protection system. Graham (1999) goes on to argue that intervention with African families is at the centre of wider debates and conflict; and evidence from research continues to show over-representation of African children and their families in child protection. The debates seem to focus on power imbalances and how to involve African families to gain control over their lives, (Graham, 1999; Young, 1990). Other researchers highlight the issues of language in child protection and the provision of appropriate intervention services, (Chand 2000, Ahmed et al, 1982). The use of children as translators in sensitive child protection issues is unethical and inappropriate, and also the use of an interpreter can distort the assessment process, (Chand, 2000). Bernard and Gupta (2008) go further to look at other factors that affect black African children that other literature seems to neglect such as how gender norms place women in an inferior position within African cultures and this can limit mothers to protect their children in the environment of domestic violence, however Owen and Statham (2009) argues that the is limited evidence to maintain or challenge this notion. Nevertheless, in Masson et al (2008) study, domestic violence was evidenced as a cause of concern in the court files of half the children of Black African mothers implicated in their study of care proceedings. Research and evidence from Climbie enquiry propose that social work professionals involved with black and minority ethnic families might not act in child abuse cases because of fear of being regarded as a racist (Scorer, 2005; Bernard and Gupta, 2006). Nevertheless, literature and research fail to provide a large amount of evidence to support this notion for example, Gordon and Gibbons (1998) in their study found no differences between ethnicity in terms of children being placed on the child protection register and factors such as parents mental health problems, criminal activities or the child not fitting in a reconstituted family were the reasons for involvement than ethnicity (Williams and Soydan, 2005). However, Selwyn et al 2008 found that social work professionals were more uncertain and occasionally puzzled regarding how best to promote the needs of ethnic children and they felt further self-doubting in their assessment. Recurring themes in literature is the significance of so cial work professionals to build up on culturally sensitive work with black and ethnic families (Gray et al., 2008; Sue, 2006; Laird, 2008; Stirling et al., 2009; Hodge, 2001). Anti-discriminatory perspectives and the incorporation of knowledge from service users Thompson, (2008) states that anti-discriminatory practice has been used in Britain to account for good practice in social work to counter structural disadvantages however, Graham 1999, argues that anti-discriminatory practice fails to provide a knowledge base for social work that is engaged in the collective development of the black community. Professionals can indirectly oppress African children and their families through practice for example, by imposing their personal values or power, (Dominelli 2007). Research and literature talks about the child protection providing cultural sensitive services and training social work professionals have the knowledge and skills in working with different cultures. However this can actually create further oppression and social divisions. The majority of the workers will have dominant Eurocentric views which encourage further social divisions for example, excepting the view that African families live in poverty and not fight and challenge this view by providing services that help families to counter these structural inequalities in society. Dominelli (2007) argues that there is need to address the systems that reaffirm racist dynamics rather than challenging them. Dominelli (1992) argues that black children and families are over-represented in the controlling aspects of social work and under-represented in the welfare aspects of social work. Problems with communication and working in partnership have been highlighted in literature. Chases (2009) study found that young people described complex relationships with social workers and other social care professionals and were also more mistrustful of the interplay between social care and immigration services. There is limited research that incorporates service user involvement (Buchanan 2007; Bernard 2002) taking in their lived experiences however, an important study by Chase 2009 found that young people often described complex relationships with social workers and other social care professionals and were also more mistrustful of the interplay between social care and immigration services. Recent policy has tried to enforce advocacy as a way of promoting social justice and incorporate disadvantaged groups views on the services that are appropriate for them. In Bowes and Sims (2006) empirical study, they found that black and minority ethnic communities gave support to advocacy s ervices, however, they were still marginalised by the services they were already using. There appears to be a need of qualitative research and literature that includes an extensive study of black African childrens perspectives and experiences, (Graham 2007) which forms a value base to inform practice in social work. Relevance to policy and practice Using the ecological approach the Framework For Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH, 2000), places a requirement on social work professionals to take account of cultural background and socio-economic positions of families paying attention to power imbalances in relationships, (Dalrymple and Burke, 1995). Dalrymple and Burke (1995) argue that an understanding is needed of the association between personal experience and structural realism of inequality. Therefore service users perspectives should form part of policies and legislation respecting and literature highlights that childrens rights may still lack from policy and legislation, therefore, these notions challenge professionals to take childrens views seriously and appreciate their contribution to research, (Aubrey and Dahl 2006). Lots of research appears to focus on empowerment through cultural knowledge inviting new thinking about the challenges faced by black communities, (Aubrey and Dahl 2006). The complex s ocial circumstances experienced by many African families pose challenges for social work professionals working to safeguard and promote childrens welfare. In order to safeguard and promote welfare of African children acknowledgement of sources of discrimination and oppression, a commitment to human rights and social justice must be met. Several authors have critically analysed the evidence on service provision for black families in general. A pathologising approach to black families may lead to unnecessary coercive intervention and on the other hand a cultural relativist approach may lead to a non-intervention when services are required (Dominelli 1997, Chand 2000). Either way appropriate intervention is not provided for black and ethnic minority children. The quality of services in black communities is a focus for debate and raises important issues about the lack of policy initiatives based upon needs and aspirations of local communities (Graham, 2002). By drawing on strengths perspective professionals can illuminate how parents draw on cultures as a resource to parents in circumstance of adversity whilst not excusing behaviour that is harmful to children. Conclusions There is gaps in research on child protection and black African families and a recurrent theme in literature is the need to acknowledge cultural and social contexts of parenting and experience of African black families to make sense of child abuse and provide appropriate intervention for children and families involved in the child protection system, (Holland 2004, Robinson 2007, Stobart 2006). Research shows that there is a gap in research on asylum seeking children and social work to inform practice, (Kohli and Mather 2003; Okitikpi andAymer 2003). There is need for research centred on black African children and there is also need to involve them in forming of policies, challenging the notion that only ethnicity causes the experiences faced by African children. This is because by having cultural sensitive intervention, there can be reinforcement of stereotypical services and discrimination ignoring other things such as gender, age and class.

Feminism in Chaucer’s Wife of Bath Essay -- Wife of Bath Essays

Women in the medieval times were cast into very distinct roles. There was a strict code of conduct that was followed. They were to be submissive to their husbands and follow their lead. A woman’s place was also in the home and the responsibilities of cooking, cleaning, sewing, etc. fell into their domain. Women who deviated from these cultural-set norms made for interesting characters. Chaucer’s use of women and their overstepping their boundaries and typical roles in society make them most memorable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of the gender expectations stemmed from the Church and biblical history. There were many anti-feminist feelings due to Eve causing the fall of Man. Women were perceived to be responsible for most of the suffering to man, and were therefore inferior and to be dominated by their husbands and men in general. â€Å"The courtly lady of medieval poetry has much in common with the images of the Virgin† (Martin xiv). Chastity, purity, and holiness, were all associated with the expectations of women from role models such as the Virgin Mary type-cast women into a saintly role. Because women were thought to have caused so much suffering on behalf of mankind, they were to be controlled, held in check and not exhibit any outward signs of defiance or concern for themselves. Their purpose in life was to serve others at their own expense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were typical male traits, and these had a more positive connotation to them. In the following list of terms, the first are meant to be masculine and the second to be feminine; â€Å"limit and unlimited, odd and even, one and plurality, right and left, male and female, resting and moving, straight and curved, light and darkness, good and bad, square and oblong† (Cox 8). The more desired traits like the obvious ‘light’ and ‘good’, were saved for the traditional male. These ideas stem from the Aristotelian paradigm, and are consistent with gender roles in Chaucer’s world. The Wife of Bath was expected to have the feminine traits, but she would not accept that. Why should the positive traits be reserved only for men? Being born a woman should not automatically exempt a woman from being cast into a more positive position within society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What makes Chaucer’s characters so unique and unforgettable is that he cast them outside of these roles. Bordering on the controversial but lightened by his use of humor, his characters... ...f Bath, we see an individual who is willing to express that idea. Her courage to defy the traditional concepts as set by her peers does not intimidate her, and she boldly stands up for what she believes in, popular or not. Another strong feminist aspect to her is that she feels no need to be justified or have approval for her decisions and lifestyle. Just because she is a woman does not limit her choices in her life, and neither her gender nor her decisions make her inferior. Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale.† The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001. Cox, Catherine S. Gender and Language in Chaucer. Florida: University Press of Florida,  1997. Hallissy, Margaret. Clean Maids, True Wives, Steadfast Widows: Chaucer’s Women and Medieval Codes of Conduct. Westport, Ct: Greenwood Press, 1993. Jennings, Patrick. Online Webct posting. 18 April 2004. Mann, Jill. Feminizing Chaucer. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2002. Martin, Priscilla. Chaucer’s Women: Nuns, Wives and Amazons. London: The  Macmillan Press Ltd, 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚